Katherine Andreasen, Nutritional Therapist

Media Coverage of Antioxidant Study - Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics!

2008-04-17T12:46:00.000Z

Response from Quest Vitamins

Media Coverage of Antioxidant Study - Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics!

A rigorous assessment of the methodology of the original meta-analysis of vitamins by Bjelakovic et al; was carried out by Dr. Steve Hickey, Dr. Len Noriegai and Dr. Hilary Roberts (academics at Staffordshire University and Manchester Metropolitan University). This assessment uncovered the meta-analysis as being nothing more than basically lies, dammed lies and statistics!

Some of the main points made by Drs. Hickey, Noriegai and Roberts are listed below.
The statistics were inappropriately applied to poorly selected data, thus the conclusions are invalid.
Experimenter bias was compounded by a basic misuse of statistical testing.
Of the initial studies, 14,910 (93%) were discarded, with only a brief explanation of the exclusion criteria.
747 (92%) of the 815 were rejected, for example, because no subject died during the experiment. The remaining 68 studies were included in the analysis.
The large number of studies by Bjelakovic himself raises concerns in respect of objectivity, as the probability of trials being selected for inclusion in a meta-analysis can be influenced by knowledge of their results, leading to inclusion bias.
critical failing of the Bjelakovic paper is the absence of detail on the number of statistical tests performed on the data.

The fact that this many tests were carried out on just one of the supplements (vitamin A) investigated suggests the results of the study are unreliable. Conventionally, a single statistical test has a 1 in 20 probability of being significant by chance alone. With 100 such tests, we would therefore expect five 'significant' results, just by chance.

Media reports gave the impression that scientific evidence suggests vitamins may be harmful. In fact, no evidence has been provided to this effect. The statistics provided were insufficient to support a claim that vitamin supplements will increase mortality. Moreover, the results cannot validly be generalised to a relatively healthy general population

Bjelakovic's meta-analysis has little biological meaning, because of the large number of ill-defined substances that have been grouped together. The meta-analysis includes a diverse range of doses of the individual supplements, with no concern for the expected physiological effects.
A The authors, by not controlling for experimenter bias, have produced a paper that might simply reflect their own personal bias.

Do Antioxidants Increase Mortality?

2008-04-17T12:44:00.001Z

Response From Quest Vitamins

DO ANTIOXIDANTS INCREASE MORTALITY? – ABSOLUTELY NOT!

In fact, antioxidants are a vital element of the daily diet, be it from food or supplements.
The media have been busy with sensational headlines that suggest "Treatment with beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E may increase mortality." Do we now all stop taking our daily vitamin supplements? Before we do that, let's first examine this study.

"This is a flawed analysis...the totality of the evidence indicates that antioxidants from foods or supplements have many health benefits, including reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, eye disease, and neurodegenerative disease...they are a key to an enhanced immune system and resistance to infection."

Dr. Jeffrey Blumberg, Director of the Antioxidants Research Laboratory at Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts

First of all, the conclusions of this study were based entirely on a statistical review of selected old data. There was really no experimental design or actual study done here. Further, it was published by the same "scientists" that denounced antioxidants in a Lancet article in 2004. The latter was dismissed as science fiction by most credible scientists but the authors are back again with even more nonsense. They discount most of the well-established scientific support for antioxidants and go on to conclude that antioxidant vitamins increase death from all causes.

Wrong Dosages Evaluated
If one wants to see whether or not a nutrient is effective in preventing or curing illness one must at least use the correct dosage. The statistical review used suboptimal, very wide and inconsistent dosage ranges for the antioxidants evaluated.

Supplement Dose range
Vitamin A (synthetic) 1,333-200,000*** IU
Alpha Tocopherol (synthetic) 10-5,000 IU
Vitamin C (synthetic) 60 – 2,000 mg
Selenium (natural) 20 – 200 mcgWho in their right mind takes 200,000 IU of vitamin A for 3 months of time on their own? The way this review is put together one would assume that everyone does this and ends up poisoning himself or herself.

Poor Selection of the Study Population for Too Short Duration
The studies selected for review used an average age of 62 for their subjects for an average of 3.3 years. No one in their right mind could possibly hope that the use of selected antioxidants could somehow be beneficial in prolonging life in those that had already endured a lifetime of oxidative damage.

In other words, giving 60 year old plus smokers who had been taking at least 3 or more drugs some antioxidants is like using petrol to put out a fire. Yet, this is similar to what these authors did.

Overwhelming Antioxidant Safety and Efficacy Studies Ignored
Several hundred studies published in peer reviewed medical journals have used large populations of individuals studied for decades (not 3.3 years) and concluded highly significant life extending benefits of antioxidant supplements.

Nutri Supplement Issue 93

2008-03-23T12:49:00.002Z

Acknoledgements to Nutri Supplement

New research from Japan shows soy isoflavone supplements may help to support bone health and blood sugar metabolism.

The double-blind study involved 56 healthy post-menopausal women aged between 47 and 70. The women were randomly assigned to receive an isoflavone-rich soybean soup, or placebo soup for 4 weeks. Isoflavones are well known phytoestrogens - active substances derived from plants that have a weak oestrogen-like action.

The researchers found that isoflavone levels significantly increased in the urine after 4 weeks of supplementation, compared to placebo. The increases occurred in combination with an increase in the excretion of deoxypyridinoline (a marker of bone resorption). Levels of osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) were significantly increased after 4 weeks.

"Those results indicate that four-week intake of fermented soybeans improves bone metabolism in post-menopausal women by attenuating the excessive enhancement of bone resorption as well as by promoting bone formation." wrote lead author Mari Mori from Mukogawa Women's University Institute for World Health Development.

"In this study, we did not measure bone mineral density, as the ingestion period was relatively short. However, such a daily intake of fermented soybean, if continued, is expected to improve bone metabolism and to contribute to the primary prevention of osteoporosis."

The researchers also added that blood levels of insulin were significantly lower after four weeks of supplementation, compared to placebo, while blood sugar (glucose) levels were similar between the groups. "These results suggest that four-week intake of fermented soybeans improves insulin resistance in post-menopausal women whose isoflavone intake was restricted."

Source: Geriatrics & Gerontology InternationalVolume 8, Supplement 1, Pages S8-S15, doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00399.x

"Isoflavones as Putative Anti-aging Food Factors in Asia and Effects of Isoflavone Aglycone-rich Fermented Soybeans on Bone and Glucose Metabolisms in Post-menopausal Women"
Authors: M. Mori, Y. Okabe, H. Tanimoto, T. Shimazu, H. Mori, Y. Yamori

____________________

New Research Shows Promise for Vitamin D Protection against Type 1 Diabetes

A review in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, which looked at data from five observational studies, has reported that infants who received vitamin D supplements were 29 per cent less likely to develop type 1 diabetes than non-supplemented infants. "However, for concrete conclusions to be reached, adequately powered, randomised controlled trials with long periods of follow-up would be required to establish causality and the best formulation, dose, duration and period of supplementation," said Christos Zipitis from the NHS Foundation Trust (Stockport) and Anthony Akobeng from the Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals.

Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an auto- immune disease which affects the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Once the pancreas has been damaged, this results in an inability to produce any insulin and as a direct consequence patients cannot control blood sugar levels without medication.

In addition to an approximate 30 per cent reduction in the risk of developing type-1 diabetes, the researchers noted "some evidence of a dose-response effect, with those using higher amounts of vitamin D being at lower risk of developing type 1 diabetes."

The researchers also noted that timing of the supplementation could be a factor in the type-1 diabetes risk, with vitamin D supplementation between the ages of seven and 12 months at a 45 per cent lower risk, compared to infants supplemented between 0 and six months of age.
Scientists are calling for randomised controlled trials to further explore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation.

This study follows on from the research carried out at the University of Colorado, which reported that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce a child's risk of developing type 1 diabetes by 55 per cent. On the back of this study, a newly established clinical trial, called "The Nutritional Intervention for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes," is testing if dietary supplementation with anti-inflammatory doses of DHA during pregnancy and infancy could inhibit early onset of inflammatory events key to the development of type-1 diabetes.

Sources: Archives of Disease in Childhood (British Medical Journal)Published online ahead of print, doi:10.1136/adc.2007.128579"Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"Authors: C.S. Zipitis and A.K. Akobeng
Journal of the American Medical Association26 September 2007, Volume 298, Number 12, Pages 1420-1428"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Islet Autoimmunity in Children at Increased Risk for Type 1 Diabetes"Authors: Jill M. Norris, X. Yin, M.M. Lamb, K. Barriga, J. Seifert, M. Hoffman, H.D. Orton, A.E. Baron, M. Clare-Salzler, H.P. Chase, N.J. Szabo, H. Erlich,G.S. Eisenbarth, M. Rewers
___________________________

More News On Why Broccoli Really Is So Good For You

Ever since that famous day in 1992 when President George Bush made a daring proclamation: "I'm president of the United States and I'm not going to eat any more broccoli," the humble cruciferous broccoli has been defended as a 'superfood', and rightly so. With a (very) long list of health-giving properties, broccoli really is up there as one of the very best foods to include in a super healthy diet. Now scientists are getting a little closer to understanding exactly why this is. One of the important components that boosts broccoli's super-power is sulfurophane, a chemical which can switch on a set of antioxidant genes and enzymes in immune cells that help fight disease and the effects of ageing.Researchers from the School of Medicine at UCLA have recently discovered that sulforaphane in broccoli reverses the decline in cellular immune function in a test on mice. The chemical was especially effective in kick-starting the dendritic cells, which also improve immune functioning.

Broccoli is one of the most nutrient-dense foods known; it offers an incredibly high level of nutrition for a very low caloric cost. In addition, broccoli also boosts the immune system, lowers the incidence of cataracts, supports cardiovascular health, builds bones, protects against cancer and fights birth defects. Broccoli is also a clear winner in terms of total polyphenol content; it's got more polyphenols than all other popular choices; only beetroot and red onions have more polyphenols per serving.

Source: University of California - Los Angeles, March 10, 2008
___________________

Self Help for PMS Sufferers

Every month a woman's body prepares for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur the uterus sheds it's lining and a menstrual bleed occurs - typically persisting for 3-10 days. One-two weeks before menstruation is known as the luteal phase, a time considered by many women as miserable and problematic.

As many as 70-90% of women experience premenstrual symptoms, with about 30-40% having symptoms which can cause some disruption to their lives. Severe PMS occurs in about 3-4% of women. The most common symptoms include cramps, breast tenderness, bloating, weepiness and mood swings.

The underlying cause of PMS is not well understood. Low levels of serotonin have been linked to depression, and low levels of GABA are associated with anxiety. Abnormal activity of both of these neurotransmitters has been seen in women with PMS. It is known that the hormone progesterone peaks during the luteal phase and then falls very sharply in the few days before menstrual bleeding begins. Fluctuations in progesterone levels and the interaction with neurotransmitters, seems to be the main factor in PMS. Some PMS symptoms, particularly breast pain, may be caused by excess levels of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates the glands in the breasts.

The most severe form is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). PMDD is characterised by feelings of overwhelming sadness or hopelessness, often to the extent of feeling suicidal, tension, anger, dramatic mood swings and extreme irritability. Sufferers can sometimes experience panic attacks. Other symptoms can include disinterest in daily activities, trouble concentrating, fatigue, binge eating, sleep disturbances and physical symptoms, such as bloating, breast tenderness, headaches and joint or muscle pain.

Lifestyle Tips
DietDiets high in sugar, caffeine and alcohol are associated with PMS. Hypoglycaemia is associated with mood swings, irritability and carbohydrate cravings. You can prevent blood sugar imbalance by eating meals based around complex carbohydrates combined with protein (such as porridge oats cooked with milk and topped with nuts, chicken on granary bread and salmon with potatoes) and do not skip meals. High salt intake can cause water retention.
Physical ActivityGetting 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days is consistently associated with an improvement in PMS symptoms, even if it involves simply taking a walk.

Natural HelpCalcium and Magnesium

There is a link between lower dietary intake of calcium and magnesium and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Calcium, in combination with magnesium, regulates muscular contractions. Excitable nerve and muscle cells contain calcium channels and when muscles receive nerve impulses stimulating contraction, the calcium channels open, calcium ions flood in, bind to activator proteins and the muscle contraction process begins. Magnesium operates as a barrier, preventing calcium from entering a cell.

Calcium supplementation has been found in clinical trials to decrease overall symptoms associated with PMS, such as depressed mood, water retention and pain. The recommended intake of calcium is 700mg daily and magnesium, 300mg daily.

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA)GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid which is used by the body to synthesise a hormone (a series 1 prostaglandin) known to reduce inflammation. GLA is found in very small amounts in oily fish like salmon and mackerel. The richest source is starflower (borage) oil (20-27% GLA, compared to the 7-14% in evening primrose oil). A study using Efamol® (a supplement containing GLA) suggests GLA can reduce symptoms of PMS.
The essential omega-3 fatty acid EPA, found in oily fish, is used to synthesise series 3 prostaglandins, which are also anti-inflammatory. There is some preliminary evidence to show that fish oil may also help PMS suffers.

Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 is required for the synthesis of the “feel good" neurotransmitter serotonin. There is some evidence that vitamin B6 supplements may improve symptoms of PMS such as breast pain or tenderness and PMS-related depression or anxiety. The recommended intake for women is 1.2mg daily, doses of up to 100mg have been used. Excessive doses of B6 should be avoided due to a risk of peripheral neuropathy (loss of feeling in hands and feet). Good food sources include baked potatoes, bananas, pulses, oats, chicken, pork, avocado, salmon, tuna, peanut butter, eggs and liver.

Chasteberry (Vitex Agnus Castus)
The fruit of the chasteberry tree is widely used to treat female hormone imbalances. A trial was conducted with 178 women suffering from PMS, in which the participants were administered either 20mg of chasteberry or a placebo (dummy) tablet for 3 months. The researchers reported that in the chasteberry group, scores evaluating irritability, mood, anger, headache and breast fullness all significantly improved compared to the placebo group and indeed more than half of women had at least a 50% reduction in symptoms.

Chasteberry contains a variety of active compounds. It appears to bind to receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine, which has the effect of reducing levels of prolactin.
Clinical trials to treat PMS have used anywhere from 3.5 - 4.5 mg/day of dried extract to 600 mg three times per day of dried fruit.

Finally...Some small lifestyle changes combined with some key supplements can help many women manage the often debilitating symptoms of PMS.

_________________

Spirulina Pacifica - Nature's Most 'Super' Superfood

Spirulina has long been hailed as a nutrient-rich superfood with exceptional health-giving properties. It is a microscopic, blue-green, edible algae which was one of the first life forms over 3.6 billion years ago. In terms of nutritional value, it really is one of the very best foods you can possibly eat. In fact it is such a complete source of nutrition that NASA is interested in cultivating it as a food for astronauts .

News Update from Nutri

2008-02-26T20:07:00.002Z

From Nutri Ltd

Focus on…Choline

Choline is an essential nutrient. It can be synthesised in the body but, to sustain health, it must be consumed in the diet. The majority of choline is found in phospholipids (the fatty part of the membranes surrounding cells).

Functions
Choline has a number of vital roles.
It is used in the synthesis of the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, which are structural components of human cell membranes, as well as precursors for the intracellular messenger molecules (diacylglycerol and ceramide). Choline itself also produces two metabolites - platelet activating factor (PAF) and sphingophosphorylcholine -both known to be cell signalling molecules.

One of choline’s most well known roles is as the precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is vital to memory formation and muscle function.

In the liver, fat and cholesterol are packaged into proteins, called very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), for transport through the blood to tissues that require them. Phosphatidylcholine is a required component of VLDL particles, and therefore, without adequate phosphatidylcholine fat and cholesterol will accumulate in the liver.

When choline reacts with oxygen, betaine is produced, a metabolite that is a major source of methyl groups. Methylation reactions (the addition of a methyl group to a molecule) regulate gene expression. Methyl groups from betaine may be used to convert homocysteine to methionine, which can be extremely beneficial, as elevated homocysteine is linked to cardiovascular disease.

Deficiency Symptoms
Men and women fed intravenously (IV) with solutions that lacked choline have developed fatty livers and signs of liver damage that resolved when choline was provided. One study in 57 adults who were fed choline-deficient diets under controlled conditions found that 77% of men, 80% of post- menopausal women, and 44% of pre-menopausal women developed fatty liver, liver damage, and/or muscle damage. A recent study in 51 men and women reported that a choline-deficient diet induced DNA damage.

More research is needed to determine the role of choline in the developing brain and whether choline intake is useful in the prevention of memory loss.

Requirements
ttle is known about dietary requirements for choline as humans can synthesize choline in small amounts by converting the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Three methylation reactions are required, each using the compound S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), which is itself synthesised from the amino acid methionine, as a methyl group donor. Oestrogen stimulates the synthesis of choline via the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) enzyme. The Linus Pauling Institute recommends 550 milligrams (mg)/day for adult men and 425 mg/day for adult women.
Choline supplements are generally safe, however, high doses (10 to 16 grams/day) have been associated with a fishy body odour, vomiting, salivation, and increased sweating. The fishy body odour results from excessive production and excretion of trimethylamine, a metabolite of choline. Individuals with liver or kidney disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, or a genetic disorder known as trimethylaminuria (fish odour syndrome) may be at increased risk of adverse effects.

Sources
Phosphatidylcholine, a major component of lecithin, contains about 13% choline by weight and is the form in which choline most commonly appears in food. Lecithins added during food processing may increase the daily consumption of choline by about 115 mg/day. Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline with one egg containing about 126mg of choline.

Science Supports the Natural Route for a Healthy Menopause

The process whereby the ovaries stop producing eggs for fertilization and menstruation ends is known as the menopause. Most women experience it between 45 and 55 years of age. As levels of oestrogen and progesterone drop, symptoms such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, urinary incontinence, mood fluctuations, anxiety, depression and bone loss can occur. To help control symptoms and decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis women often use Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). However, HRT carries an increased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Many women are now seeking natural alternatives to help them through the menopause without risk. Two new scientific publications support the use of two such established natural supplements, black cohosh and soy isoflavones, by post-menopausal women.

Black cohosh is popular in the treatment of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, mood disturbances, excessive sweating, palpitations, and vaginal dryness. Several studies have reported that black cohosh improves menopausal symptoms for up to six months, although the evidence has been mixed. The influence of black cohosh on oestrogen levels in the breast has not previously been examined. In a new study, post-menopausal women took an extract of black cohosh (BCE) for 12 weeks, followed by a 12 week period off the supplement to allow it to wash out of the system. Women taking BCE with 2.5% triterpenes (compounds that are building blocks of steroid hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone) experienced relief of menopausal symptoms, with reversion toward baseline after washout. The content of triterpenes, and thus the effectiveness, of commercial BCE was found to vary significantly. Perhaps most importantly BCE was found to have no effect on circulating levels of oestrogen nor on breast-specific estrogenic markers. The authors conclude that “BCE standardised to 2.5% triterpenes relieved menopausal symptoms without systemic or breast-specific estrogenic effects”.

Click here to view the study abstract.

Soy beans and products made from them are one of nature’s richest sources of phytoestrogens, plant compounds that are structurally similar to oestrogen. As a result of its estrogenic structure, soy has traditionally been used to help relieve menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis (“brittle bone disease”). A new meta-analysis, examining nine randomised-controlled trials, concluded that supplementation with isoflavones (phytoestrogens found in soy) significantly inhibits bone resorption (breakdown) and stimulates bone formation. These favourable effects occur even if less than 90 mg/day of isoflavones are consumed or the intervention lasts less than 12 weeks. This is strong support for the use of soy by post-menopausal women to help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Click here to view the study abstract.

Carefully chosen supplements, used under professional supervision, can help reduce the health risks associated with the menopause.

Another Use for the Polyphenols in Green tea?
Indian scientists are looking into the potential of green tea polyphenols to stop the oxidation of fat in meat products. This would help to extend the shelf- life and prevent 'off' flavours.
There are many health benefits attributed to the humble cup of tea. Green tea in particular has been associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, improved heart health, weight loss, and protection against Alzheimer's.

Now, scientists are looking at whether the beneficial polyphenols may also have a role to play in food preservation.

The new study tested a green tea extract on fresh meat. Lead author K.V. Kumudavally reported that the polyphenol-rich extract inhibited microflora spoilage by up to four days, without adversely affecting the sensorial and physical quality of the meat.
The researchers wrote, "Since green tea is consumed by people as a daily beverage all over the world, extracts of green tea may be safe to use in food systems to extend the shelf life".
Source: Food Chemistry (Elsevier)1 March 2008, Volume 107, Issue 1, Pages 426-433, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.045"Green tea - A potential preservative for extending the shelf life of fresh mutton at ambient temperature (25 degrees Celsius)"Authors: K.V. Kumudavally, H.S. Phanindrakumar, A. Tabassum, K. Radhakrishna and A.S. Bawa

New study shows probiotics may help to boost the immune systems of elite endurance athletes
Endurance athletes undergoing strenuous training are reported to be more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) linked to the role of strenuous exercise in suppressing the immune system.

Intense exercise suppresses the immune system for several hours. It does so by robbing the immune system of two of its principal fuels – glucose and the amino acid glutamine – and by stimulating cortisol release. One of the many effects of high cortisol levels is a reduction in immune system activity. This increases a runner’s risk of contracting infections and it also hampers recovery, as the immune system plays an important role in healing muscle damage after exercise.

People are becoming increasingly aware of the health benefits associated with probiotics, including improved intestinal health and immune system stimulation. In this recent study, a daily probiotic capsule was found to enhance the activity of T cells, which are key players in the immune system.

David Pyne and his colleagues from the Australian Institute of Sport followed 20 elite, endurance athletes during four months of intensive winter training. The athletes were randomly assigned to receive either a daily probiotic supplement or placebo. After 28 days of receiving either the probiotic or placebo, they received nothing for one month (washout period) before crossing over to the other intervention. By the end of the study all the athletes had each had the probiotic and placebo formulations.

The researchers reported no difference in running performance as a result of placebo or probiotic supplementation. On the other hand, the number of days of symptoms of respiratory infection was halved when the athletes took the probiotic, compared to placebo. The severity of the symptoms was also reduced when receiving probiotics.

The blood samples showed that blood levels of interferon gamma, an important component of the body's immune response, were doubled when the subjects received probiotics, compared to placebo. The researchers speculated that the benefits appeared to be mediated via an enhancement of the functioning T-lymphocyte function.

"In combination with the recent report that probiotic supplementation reduced the duration of gastrointestinal symptoms in marathon runners in the 2 weeks after the race [Int J Sport Nutr Exer Metab, 2007, Vol. 17, pp. 352-363], our findings point to the potential benefits of this form of nutritional intervention," wrote the authors.Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine
Published online ahead of print, doi 10.1136/bjsm.2007.044628"Oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum VR1-003 and mucosal immunity in endurance athletes"Authors: A.J. Cox, D.B. Pyne, P.U. Saunders, P.A. Fricker

NutraIngredients - 11th Jan 08

2008-01-11T13:44:00.000Z

From nutraingredients.com

'Rich extract of Harpagophytum regenerates cartilage'
New 20% harpagoside extract from Devil's Claw shows proofs in treating causes of arthritis and joint diseases, regenerating cartilage. Last studies explain these effects, with one daily intake... Click Here

Pomegranate flower extracts also show heart benefits
Extracts from the flower of pomegranates may reduce the lesions associated with artery hardening by 70 per cent, higher than levels observed by the juice, suggests new research... Read

Review backs oats' heart health benefits
An up-to-date review of the recent science behind oatmeal supports its cardiovascular benefits, and supports the FDA's decade-old conclusions... Read

Fingerprints could help stop fake food
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country are working on a way to develop a "fingerprint" using polyphenol groups to help cut adulteration in foodstuffs... Read

More support for lycopene's prostate benefits
Lycopene may show benefits against benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), a condition said to affect more than half of all men over the age of 50, suggests a new study from Germany... Read

Pre- and probiotic combo linked to better antioxidant status
Supplements of pre- and probiotics can reduce levels of biomarkers linked to oxidative stress, suggests new results from an EU study... Read

Legumes linked to lower diabetes risk
An increased intake of legumes like peanuts and soybeans could reduce the risk of developing type-2 diabetes by over 40 per cent, suggests a new study... Read

Low vitamin D levels linked to increased heart disease risk
Low levels of vitamin D could increase the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attack, heart failure or stroke by 62 per cent, suggests a new study from the US... Read

More support for whole grains for healthy hearts
An increased intake of wholegrain products, in combination with a reduced calorie diet, led to weight loss and cut levels of a protein associated with heart disease, says a new study... Read

Vitamin C linked to lower stroke risk: study
Increased blood levels of vitamin C may reduce the risk of stroke by 42 per cent, suggests a large European-based study... Read

Fish just as effective as pills for omega-3 boost: study
Researchers from the US have waded into the debate over fish versus supplements stating that the omega-3 fatty acids from both sources are equally bioavailable... Read

Vitamin D2 just as good as D3?
Challenging the view that vitamin D3 is more potent than D2, researchers from Boston University have reported that both forms are equally effective at maintaining 25-hydroxyvitamin D status... Read

The Food and Mood Community Newletter

2007-06-05T11:27:00.000Z

The Food and Mood Community Interest Companydietary self help for emotional and mental health PO Box 2737, Lewes, East Sussex, BN7 2GN, UKFax: +44 (0)1273 478108email: info@foodandmood.orghttp://www.foodandmood.org

The following items are forwarded from the Mental Health Foundation latest news and archive.

Website: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/: Decision makers aim to tackle alcohol A national charity was today bringing together a host of leading decision makers to develop new ways to tackle alcohol and the damage it can do to people and families 29/03/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=43690

The battle against size zero As the child of one of the world's most famous fashion designers, Allegra Versace's battle with anorexia puts the spotlight firmly on the fashion industry and the controversy over ultra-thin models 28/03/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=43678&p=2

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at risk for alcohol problems Parental alcoholism and family stress can also facilitate the development of alcohol problems 26/03/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=43610&p=3

Children as young as six suffer from eating disorders A worrying picture of eating disorders among children under 13 was unveiled by researchers today 26/03/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=43574&p=3

Dying to be thin A £2 million research drive to help sufferers of anorexia was announced by the Government today 07/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=44046

Omega-3 fatty acid may help prevent Alzheimer's brain lesions A type of omega-3 fatty acid may slow the growth of two brain lesions that are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, UC Irvine scientists have discovered. The finding suggests that diets rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can help prevent the... 17/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=45036

New published trial bolsters evidence that omega-3 fish oil can benefit children with ADHD symptoms Results released from the largest clinical-based omega-3 and omega-6 trial of its kind show that supplementation with fatty acids relieves the symptoms of ADHD(1), adding to a growing body of evidence that nutritional intervention can directly... 17/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=44919

Call to ban parents giving children alcohol Parents who give alcohol to under-15s - even with a meal at home - should face prosecution, a charity said today. 27/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=45889&p=1

One high-fat meal 'raises stress risk' Just one high-fat meal can make a person more susceptible to physical stress, scientists have found 23/04/2007More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=45627&p=3

Female alcoholics can develop cognitive problems more rapidly than male alcoholics Alcohol abuse and/or dependence can lead to severe and potentially irreversible brain damage. "Telescoping" refers to the greater damaging physical effects that alcohol can have upon women. 23/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?p=3

Depression may trigger diabetes in older adults Chronic depression or depression that worsens over time may cause diabetes in older adults, according to new Northwestern University research 23/04/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=45689&p=3D

octors monitor continuous eating disorder man's condition A morbidly obese East Sussex man is in hospital as doctors monitor his condition caused by a rare genetic disorder that compels him to eat continuously 03/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46181&p=2

RAND study finds alcohol advertising and marketing associated with adolescent drinking Children's exposure to alcohol advertising during early adolescence appears to influence both beer drinking and their intentions to drink a year later, according to a RAND Corporation study issued today 03/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46202&p=2

Breastfeeding and good fats help new moms fight depression Breastfeeding and the good fats in Omega-3 fatty acids help new moms fight depression, according to a new article published in the most recent issue of the International Breastfeeding Journal by a University of New Hampshire researcher 02/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46164&p=2

Drinking heavy amounts of alcohol shrinks your brain Drinking heavy amounts of alcohol over a long period of time may decrease brain volume, according to research that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 59th Annual Meeting in Boston, April 28 – May 5, 2007 02/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46167&p=2

Green tea extract protects against brain damage in new mouse model of HIV-related dementia A compound derived from green tea greatly diminished the neurotoxicity of proteins secreted by the human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting a new approach to the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated dementia, also known as AIDS dementia... 01/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46108&p=3

Gender, ethnic differences may hamper eating disorder diagnosis Eating disorders may be overlooked in some groups - boys and some ethnicities - by physicians accustomed to diagnosing the condition in white teenage girls, say researchers at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and the Stanford University School of... 01/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46111&p=3

Higher calcium and vitamin D intakes positively associated with brain lesions in older men and women Elderly men and women who consumed higher levels of calcium and vitamin D are significantly more likely to have greater volumes of brain lesions, regions of damage that can increase risk of cognitive impairment, dementia, depression and stroke 01/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46115&p=3

Study probes Alzheimer's 'food link' A new study will investigate possible links between diet and Alzheimer's disease 19/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46641&p=1

Alzheimer's weight gain initiative also improved patients' intellectual abilities Swedish researchers have found a way to increase the weight of people with Alzheimer's, by improving communication and patient involvement, altering meal routines and providing a more homely eating environment 15/05/2007 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=46580&p=2

A drink a day may delay dementiaIn people with mild cognitive impairment, up to one drink of alcohol a day may slow their progression to dementia 21/05/2007More information at:http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/?EntryId=46707

The following items are from Alternative Mental Health/Safe Harbor newsletter based in the US. More info at AlternativeMentalHealth.com:

Lead and Selenium Affect Cognitive Skills in ElderlyTwo studies reported in the January 2007 issue of the journal Epidemiology showed correlations between blood levels of lead and selenium and cognitive ability in the elderly. One study, carried out by Dr. Marc G. Weisskopf of the Harvard School of Public Health and colleagues, looked at the effects of cumulative lead levels in more than a thousand elderly men over a nine-year period. None of the subjects had high occupational lead exposure. Bone and blood were tested for lead levels.Results showed that elderly men with the highest lead levels in their blood and bone had the worst scores on cognitive tests and worse deterioration over time. As blood lead levels went up, their vocabulary scores went down—as did performance and reaction time scores on tests of visual/special and visual motor tests. A second report on research carried out in France examined the relationship of selenium to cognitive ability. Selenium is an antioxidant and researchers theorized that since oxidative stress contributes to poor cognitive function, low selenium may be directly linked to declining mental skills. Led by researcher N. Tasnime Akbaraly, who in past research has demonstrated a connection between low selenium levels and higher mortality rates, the team began with 1389 subjects between the ages of 60 and 71 and studied them over a nine-year period.The team concluded: "Among subjects who had a decrease in their plasma selenium levels, the greater the decrease in plasma selenium, the higher the probability of cognitive decline. Among subjects who had an increase in their plasma selenium levels, cognitive decline was greater in subjects with the smallest selenium increase. There was no association between short-term (2-year) selenium change and cognitive changes.

"Bacteria in Dirt May Boost Mood as Well as AntidepressantsUK scientists reporting in the journal Neuroscience (posted online March 28, 2007) claim that exposure to a friendly soil bacteria, Mycobacterium vaccae, could improve mood as effectively as antidepressants by boosting the immune system.Researchers exposed mice to the bacteria and tested the animals with the "forced swim" test commonly used in testing antidepressant drugs. This exercise measures mood levels by how long the mice swim before giving up. The study found that the exposed mice paddled much longer than a control group."You could say the [bacteria-exposed] mice had a more active coping style," said study leader Chris Lowry of the University of Bristol in England.The study's findings are similar to those of previous research which showed that human cancer patients treated with the bacteria reported significant increases in their quality of life."These studies help us understand how the body communicates with the brain and why a healthy immune system is important for maintaining mental health," Lowry said. "They also leave us wondering if we shouldn’t all be spending more time playing in the dirt.

"Antidepressants Don’t Help Bipolar PatientsAlthough antidepressants have been widely prescribed in 50-70% of patients for the depression phase of bipolar symptoms, a new study finds they are not generally effective."It is clear from this data," said Dr. Thomas R. Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, "that antidepressants are not the answer."In the study, 366 patients at 22 academic centers in the U.S. were randomly assigned to receive one of two antidepressants or a placebo for 26 weeks, in addition to mood stabilizing medication they were receiving. Patients also received psychological and social therapy.Of the 179 participants who received an antidepressant in addition to a mood stabilizer, 23.5% achieved a "durable recovery," defined as an eight-week period marked by no more than two depressive or two manic symptoms. In the placebo group, 27.3% of patients achieved a "durable recovery."The study was reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The lead author was Dr. Gary Sachs, director of the bipolar clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Healthy Habits Lower Depression, Anxiety RiskThe site www.medicalnewstoday.com reports on a study led by Coen H. van Gool, Department of Health Care Studies, of Universiteit Maastricht, supporting the age-old notion that proper diet and exercise can affect mood.The study looked at more than 1,100 adults and found that those who reported excessive alcohol use (an average of three or more drinks daily) at the beginning of the study were more likely to suffer from depression six years later, as were those who were overweight at the beginning of the study. And those who reported exercising for more than 30 minutes daily at the beginning of the study period were less likely to be depressed six years later.In a related study reported in the April 15, 2007, issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, UK scientists found that men who partook in intense exercise in their non-work hours had lower depression and anxiety scores than a control group five years later. This did not hold true for men who performed intense physical labor at work.The research looked at over 1100 Welsh men who reported their exercise habits and then, at three different times over ten years, reported on their depression and anxiety levels.Researchers postulated that the improvements were due to exercise-induced mood-enhancing brain chemistry and the self-esteem benefits of being in good physical condition.

The following items are from the Food for the Brain (May) newsletter. Website http://www.foodforthebrain.org/content.asp?id_Content=1:

Good News on Fish Oils Just Keeps Coming!In a study of 2,000 people aged 50 to 65 years old, those with the highest levels of fish oils had the least decline in verbal fluency. This was particularly true for those with high blood pressure and high cholesterol or fats in the blood. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(4), 1103-1111For the full article, visit: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/4/1103

In another study, 210 men aged 70 to 89 years old were followed for 5 years. There was a very strong association between intake of fish oil from diet and rate of cognitive decline, with those taking in the most fish oil from oily fish showing the least decline in cognitive function. The measure of decline used the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) which includes questions on orientation to time and place, registration, attention and calculation, recall, language, and visual construction.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007 (85)4; 1142-1147For the full article, visit: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/4/1142

In a study using mice which had been genetically altered to display characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease, DHA (from fish oil) reduced the accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau in their brains. Higher levels of beta-amyloid and tau in the brain is a sign of progression in Alzheimer's Disease, suggesting that fish oils may not only be useful in prevention but also in slowing the progress of the disease.Journal of Neuroscience, 2007, 27(16):4385-4395For the abstract, visit: http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/16/4385

A new study confirms that children taking a combination of omega-3 fish oil and omega-6 evening primrose oil for 15 or 30 weeks, versus placebo, have major improvements in ADHD symptoms, as measured on the Conner's scale, (which is what was measured in the Food for the Brain Cricket Green project.) The treatment effects for those taking omega-3 and omega-6 with a multivitamin were comparable with average treatment effects of stimulant medication such as Ritalin, according to parent ratings of behaviour.Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 2007; 28(2); 82-91For the abstract, visit: http://www.jrnldbp.com/pt/re/jdbp/abstract.00004703-200704000-00002.htm;jsessionid=G12b1y7pYJd42jLHdYLpnTnPFNTPGLv80v2BzRWWSCpP3zZ1STzx!3145886!-949856145!8091!-1

Low Iron may Contribute to Depression in Women who are not AnaemicTwo hundred women who were not anaemic had their mood and blood iron levels measured. The iron levels in the women who were rated as depressed were significantly lower than the healthy ones.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007; 61; 532-535For the abstract, visit: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v61/n4/abs/1602542a.html

Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy may have Implications for Mental Health of ChildrenResearchers compared the brains of baby rats born to vitamin D deficient female rats with those of rats whose mothers were not vitamin D deficient. They found a number of differences in brain proteins in the rats whose mothers were vitamin D deficient. Some of these changes are the same as those seen in humans with schizophrenia and/or multiple sclerosis. This suggests that getting adequate vitamin D in pregnancy may be protective.Proteomics, 2007; 7(5); 769:780For the abstract, visit: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114121565/ABSTRACT

PCBs may Contribute to AutismTraces of a chemical banned 30 years ago caused brain abnormalities in newborn lab animals which are similar to defects in children with autism, according to a new study by University of California scientists. The new research shows brain development is skewed when animals are exposed to amounts of PCBs in the same range as some highly exposed people. PCBs were one of the world's most widely used chemicals, their use peaking in the 1970s, mostly as insulating fluids in large electrical equipment. Although banned in the west in the 1970's, they are still among the most pervasive contaminants on the planet, and exposure is difficult to avoid because they have spread globally and built up in food chains. Our comment: Avoidance of these chemicals may be difficult, but supporting the bodies' own detoxification process is likely to improve their elimination from the body. This means plenty of water, and fresh fruit and vegetables, and avoiding other substances that overload the detoxification processes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007; 104(18); 7646-7651For the full article, visit: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/18/7646?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=autism&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=104&issue=18&resourcetype=HWCITMedication

Prescribed to Alzheimer's Patients may hasten their declineIn a study of 224 people with Alzheimer's Disease who were living in the community, those who were taking antipsychotic drugs or sedatives had an almost three-fold higher risk of deterioration than those who were taking none. Even worse, for those taking both antipsychotic and sedative drugs together, their risk of deterioration was almost quadrupled. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 2007; 78; 233-239For the abstract, visit: http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/78/3/233

Red, Processed meat may double breast cancer risk

2007-04-05T11:03:00.000Z

Taken from newsletter@FoodNavigator-USA.com
Stephen Daniells

4/4/2007 - High consumption of red and processed meat may double the risk of breast cancer amongst women of a certain age, suggests a new study from England.

In a study of 35,372 women aged 35 to 69, it was found that high meat intake, particularly red meat and processed meats, was associated with a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer amongst pre- and post-menopausal women.

The researchers, led by Professor Janet Cade from the University of Leeds, suggest that the high saturated fat content of the meat may be behind the apparent effects, with this kind of fat linked to cholesterol production, which in turn is a precursor for the female hormone oestrogen, which as been linked to increased breast cancer risk.

"Women generally consuming most total meat, red and processed meat were at the highest increased risk compared with non-meat consumers, though red and processed meat were only statistically significant postmenopausally," they wrote.

However, experts have pointed out that other research linking meat consumption to breast cancer have been inconclusive, and that the disease is based on many other factors.

Over one million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, with the highest incidences in the US and the Netherlands. China has the lowest incidence and mortality rate of the disease.

The National Cancer Institute estimates that 13 percent of American women will develop breast cancer during their lives.

The UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS) assessed dietary intakes of the women using a self-administered 217-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Over a mean follow-up of eight years, 395 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in post-menopausal women and 283 cases in pre-menopausal women.

The study, published in the British Journal of Cancer, reports that the associations between red meat and processed meat intake was most striking for post-menopausal women, with highest intake of red meat (greater than 57 grams per day) at a 56 per cent increased risk of breast cancer, and highest intake of processed meat (more than 20 grams per day of meat such as bacon, sausages, ham or pies) associated with a 64 per cent greater risk of breast cancer, compared to those who ate none.

Pre-menopausal women with a daily intake of more than 20 grams per day of processed meat were associated with a 20 per cent increase in breast cancer risk.

Commenting independently on the study, Dr Alexis Willett, senior policy officer from British charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer said: "This is an interesting study but because we eat a variety of foods it is difficult to separate out the specific effect of red meat on breast cancer risk. Differences in other factors such as age, weight and level of exercise were also found between red meat eaters and non-red meat eaters in this study and may also play a part in the risk of developing breast cancer.

"Previous research studying red meat and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. However, experts estimate that approximately 30 per cent of all cancers in Western countries are linked to diet. Breakthrough encourages all women to eat a balanced diet, limit alcohol consumption, exercise regularly and keep a healthy weight in order to maintain general good health.

"Responding on behalf of the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC), Phil Saunders told FoodNavigator.com that this study found that participants were at an increased risk when eating about 150 grams per day, which is about twice as much as the national average in the UK (about 80 grams)."Cancer is multi-factorial and this commission has always maintained that meat is part of a healthy diet and an important food group, but balance is important," he said.

Source: British Journal of CancerVolume 96, Pages 1139-1146"Meat consumption and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study"Authors E.F. Taylor, V.J. Burley, D.C. Greenwood, J.E. Cade

My Comment:
Is this link really suprising considering that most of the red meat consumed is non organic and therefore pumped full of chemicals to harness greater milk yeilds! Hormones consumed via meat are bound to effect our own bodies hormones including oestrogen which is linked to breast cancer. Anyone else have a comment?

Katherine

Can Vitamins Really Kill You?

2007-03-07T14:21:00.000Z

From Dr Mercola www.mercola.com

I suspect some of you may be alarmed by the Journal of the American Medical Association meta-analysis of 68 studies released yesterday that found vitamins chock full of antioxidants have no effect at all on a patient's mortality risks, for good or otherwise. Moreover, a subset of those studies involving some 181,000 patients detected a higher risk of death among those taking vitamins, with vitamin A the riskiest (16 percent).

Fact is, this analysis is merely a carefully crafted example of a meta-assassination, as the JAMA authors disregarded countless studies that would've altered those results. Besides, combining secondary prevention with primary prevention trials, then making conclusions that fit the entire population is an unsound scientific approach.

Also, many of these studies involved diseased populations with a variety of health issues, not healthy people who take vitamins preserve and enhance their good health. The most serious problem here, however, is that the authors based their conclusions on vitamins containing synthetic antioxidants and that they "should not be translated to the potential effects of fruits and vegetables."

Researchers disregarded a fundamental physiological fact: Oxidative stress must be countered by antioxidant activity for the human body to maintain normal functioning and remain healthy. Folks, our bodies need fruits and vegetables.

Instead, this study should be an indicator to make the switch more natural supplements, especially ones based on volumes of new research, like Radical Fruits, the one I recently introduced that is based on WHOLE FOOD.
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 297, No. 8, February 28, 2007: 842-857 Yahoo News February 28, 2007

Is daecaf coffe really any better for you?

2007-02-02T12:04:00.001Z

From Nutri News

Many of us drink decaffeinated coffee in the belief that it is healthier than the caffeinated version. But is it really any good for us or are we being misled?

Coffee contains three stimulants: caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Although the worst offender, caffeine, has been removed from the decaf, the other two stimulants remain present. Hence, decaf coffee may still impact the autonomic nervous system, causing a host of physiological symptoms, although maybe not quite as noticeable. In addition, regular and decaf coffee also contain a substance called chlorogenic acid, which can raise both cholesterol and homocysteine, both of which are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The method of decaffeination is another source of concern for decaf coffee drinkers; some of the ways in which the caffeine has been removed from the coffee could actually be making it much more harmful to drink than regular coffee. Coffee is most commonly decaffeinated using one of two methods: either a water process or one which uses harmful chemical solvents. It is obviously preferable to choose manufacturers that are using the water process to decaffeinate their coffee, and any reputable company should be able to tell you which one they use.

On balance, decaf coffee could never really be described as a â€˜healthy optionâ€™ but, for hardened coffee drinkers, it can certainly help to reduce caffeine in the diet. Unfortunately though, decaf coffee is never going to be able to compete with the real healthy alternatives such as dandelion coffee, redbush tea or fruit and herbal infusions â€“ the ones that are really going to do you some good!

Workplace smoke exposure 'doubles cancer risk'

2007-02-01T10:36:00.000Z

From net doctor.co.uk

People who are highly exposed to smoke in their places of work are twice as likely to contract lung cancer as a result, it has been claimed.

By reanalysing 22 separate existing studies, US scientists say they have proved that passive smoking significantly increases the risk of lung cancer. Publishing their results in the American Journal of Public Health, researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago say that even light levels of smoke exposure raise the likelihood of lung cancer by 24 per cent. Lead author Leslie Stavner, an epidemiologist at the university, and the research team complemented their findings by analysing workers' level and duration of exposure to passive smoke and instances of lung cancer. "We believe this provides the strongest evidence to date of the relationship between workplace environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer," Professor Stavner writes. A smoking ban in public places is expected to be enforced in England from the beginning of July this year onwards.

© Adfero Ltd

What Doctors Don't Tell You 31/01/07

2007-01-31T10:36:00.000Z

Taken from What Doctors Don't Tell You E-News:

Cure for snoring: A reader has been told that she snores badly and is looking for alternative treatments to cure the problem. She thinks it is a weak uvula, which seems to vibrate on exhalation. “I’ve tried throat sprays, but a couple of times, I’ve woken up choking, gasping for breath,” she says. She’s also investigated LAUP—laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty—as well as bipolar radiofrequency treatment and the nasal laser treatment under local anaesthetic, but she’d like to take a natural route if possible. Can anyone offer advice?

Several readers suggest you may have sleep apnea, a sleep disorder characterised by pauses in breathing. Loud snoring and choking or gasping during sleep are signs of sleep apnea, so it may be worth getting checked out by your doctor. Before you do, get your partner to keep a sleep diary for you recording your awakenings and snoring patterns. Alternatively, you can use a tape recorder to monitor your own sleeping patterns, or visit a sleep centre for observation.
If you do have sleep apnea, many readers report that a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machine can solve the problem.

Linda, however, reckons snoring is simply a sign of getting older. “As we age the uvula, or soft palate, loses its elasticity – just like the rest of our muscles,” she says. “Consequently, it gets flabbier and flops and vibrates more easily. In theory, doing palatal exercises should help to firm and tone it.” She recommends the following exercises:

Get some dried peas, two saucers and a straw. Practise using the straw to suck up the peas from one saucer to the other.

Practise alternating speech sounds. Try repeating “ma pa ma pa ma pa” and “na ta na ta na ta” for a minute or two each day.

Another form of exercise that may help with snoring is yoga. “I had a yoga teacher who reported that her clients found this [stopping snoring] a big benefit of her classes,” says Jo. “It makes sense, given the emphasis on breath control.”

Other readers suggest various products for treating the problem. Cath has found the Snorban device very effective, while Roger extols the virtues of Rest Quiet. To find out more visit www.snorban.co.uk and www.restquiet.com.

Finally, a couple of readers say snoring is related to weight. “I started snoring when I put on a bit of weight after menopause,” explains one woman. “When my BMI is 24, I do not snore.” Michael simply says, “Cure for snoring? Lose weight. It works wonders!”

Dribbling: A reader is worried about his four-year-old son who is constantly dribbling: “For as long as I can remember he has dribbled everyday. Sometimes he gets a bad rash on his chin as a result.” Do readers have any advice?

Adrian reckons the problem could be hereditary. Both his sons dribbled until they were five, and his brother was the same. He took his second son to a speech therapist, who found nothing out of the ordinary, but offered some useful advice. He suggested encouraging his son to use a straw to improve the muscles and the swallowing reflexes. It’s certainly worth a try.
Another reader advises having your son checked out by his GP and dentist first, to rule out any underlying cause. Your next step should be to explain to your son why his chin gets sore, and remind him to swallow before talking. Also, don’t let him use a dummy or suck his thumb. It may be helpful to apply Vaseline to his chin, to act as a barrier and prevent a rash from forming.
Other readers recommend homeopathic remedies to solve the problem. Peter has seen Baryta carb work in a similar case, while Jacki reckons Merc sol might help. Visit a qualified homeopath for a personalised prescription.

Our last suggestion is from Christine, who says excessive dribbling could be a sign of allergies. It may be worth investigating this further, she says.

Fibroadenosis: A woman who is approaching 45 has recently had a lump in her breast diagnosed (by mammogram and ultrasound) as fibroadenosis. She has been told she 'must' have it removed or she 'must' have it retested by biopsy. She is unhappy about submitting to unnecessary surgery, especially as a DITI scan showed no abnormal activity in the area of the lump (which was ignored by the hospital). Can anyone offer advice? Are there any alternatives?

Several readers have written in with their own experiences:

“I had a fibroadenoma removed when I was 28 and it was OK. When I was around 50 I found another one, which was also removed and was found to contain a small cancerous lump. Cancer cells were not detected when cells were extracted in situ, but a mammogram obviously alerted the hospital to a potential problem. I believe an ultrasound probably reinforced their opinion that all was not OK but I was completely oblivious to the fact there might be a problem until I received the results of the biopsy. I had considered putting off having the lump removed but I was very glad I didn't! Removal of several lymph glands showed that the cancer had not spread and I had radiotherapy afterwards.”

“When I was diagnosed with a fibroadenoma in 1978, I did nothing for a time. I refused to be panicked by the doctors, who wanted to remove the lump, and I tried Tibetan medicine, which had no effect. After about six months, it had got quite a lot larger so I decided to have it removed before it grew any further. But I only decided on surgery because I did not want a large incision. I don’t think any harm would have come of the lump if I had simply left it.”

“My wife and I have been through this experience. The next step should be to have an MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging) with intravenous contrast-media, then you can clearly see what kind of lump it is. If the diagnosis is a fibroadenoma then nothing has to be done and a yearly check-up with ultra-sound is sufficient (not a mammogram). Biopsy and "stamp-out" is not recommendable and unnecessary. In my wife's case, after six years, the fibroadenoma has not changed in shape and size and we just leave it alone.”

Finally, Kate from Australia advises you take care with regard to breast examinations – mammograms in particular. She strongly recommends the book Take Control of Your Health and Escape the Sickness Industry by Elaine Hollingsworth (Floradale Press, 2000). “She has a complete chapter on breast health and it is vital that people have this information,” says Kate.

Compromised immune system: A reader is eager for help and advice for her sister-in-law. She has just completed three courses of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia and is now looking to try alternative remedies to boost her reduced immune system. She is in remission but has been very ill recently with the side-effects of the chemo. Any suggestions?

“I recently completed six courses of chemo, but also saw a phytotherapist and nutritionist during treatment,” says Catherine. “They helped support my immune system with herbs, diet and nutritional supplements. It made a huge difference to the way I coped with it compared to others who just had chemo. I am still seeing the phytotherapist and following the diet (essentially wheat free and cows’ milk dairy free, with an emphasis on fruit and veg, pulses and seeds). I believe this could help a great deal with your sister-in-law’s recovery.”

Other readers agree that nutritional methods are key to boosting the immune system. Avril recommends the Gerson diet (see www.gerson.org), while Phoebe suggests supplementing with coenzyme Q10, magnesium, selenium and vitamins A, C and E. Herbal boosters Sutherlandia or Astragalus may also help, but if you are still undergoing chemotherapy, be sure to consult with your oncology team first.

According to Jason, the best all-in-one supplement on the market for boosting the immune system is a product called Vibe by Eniva. “It is an antioxidant multivitamin and mineral immune-boosting concentrate that has saved many peoples lives after near death from chemotherapy,” he says. “I take it everyday and feel great.” To find out more, visit www.eniva.com.

Barbara on the other hand recommends Iscador injections, which are made from the mistletoe plant. Iscador was developed in Switzerland and Germany in the 1920s by a group of doctors working with the philosopher Rudolf Steiner. It is now manufactured by Weleda and available on prescription. According to Barbara, you can opt for Iscador treatment at the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital in Great Ormond Street, London. In some cases, it is available on the NHS. Unfortunately, for Barbara it was not.

Other suggestions this week are goji juice (from the Himalayan goji berry), aloe vera juice and the Ayurvedic herbal food supplement, Maharishi Amrit Kalash.

Ganglion cyst: This reader is after thoughts and suggestions on a ganglion cyst, which has suddenly appeared on his wrist. Should he just leave it alone or should he seek treatment – and if so, what?

First of all, Heidi warns against hitting the cyst with a book – a traditional remedy recommended last week. “Aside from the initial pain, it made the problem worse,” she says.
For a pain-free option, why not try taping an old penny to the site as firmly as possible. Kirstie swears this will work – but you will have to keep it on for a couple of weeks or so.

Another suggestion is the ever-popular aloe vera gel. Margaret reckons the dramatic reduction of her ganglion cyst was down to her rubbing in this natural anti-inflammatory to the area morning and night. Jane on the other hand says the best remedy for getting rid of a ganglion is acupuncture, combined with massage. See a TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) practitioner for advice. On the subject of Chinese medicine, John has an interesting story: “When I was at school I developed a ganglion on the back of my hand, which wiggled under a tendon to appear on the other side of it. It became my 'party trick' and I found it most entertaining. I showed it to a Chinese classmate and he pressed a thumb to it. It disappeared, and along with it, my party trick!”

Frozen shoulder: A woman has been suffering from this condition for about four months. She is in constant pain and has a limited range of movement, which is now affecting her ability to sleep. Conventional treatment – as prescribed by her GP – is limited to anti-inflammatories. Can anyone suggest any effective alternatives, particularly for the reduction of pain?
This week, we have yet more praise for Bowen therapy. However, Kirsty, a newly qualified Bowen therapist, says that often a frozen shoulder can be caused by hormonal changes, for example, the menopause. In which case, Bowen won’t prove very effective, she advises. She recommends addressing the hormonal issues first (if necessary) and then seeking treatment for your shoulder.

Alternatively, perhaps there is an underlying emotional cause, in which case Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) may help. See www.emofree.com for more information.
Other readers suggest natural remedies to manage the pain: magnetic therapy (wearing a magnetic bracelet or armband, available from chemists), homeopathy, acupuncture, serrapeptase and turmeric.

Finally, according to Sue, it’s definitely worth investing in the book, Treat Your Own Frozen Shoulder by UK osteopath Simeon Niel-Asher (www.frozenshoulder.com, 2002). “I had almost full movement back within four months,” she reports.

100% Juice as beneficial as fruits and Veg

2007-01-29T10:47:00.000Z

From www.netdoctor.co.uk

Some 100 per cent fruit and vegetable juices can be just as effective in combating disease as the fruit and vegetables themselves, it has been found.

After analysing a range of studies, researchers in Britain concluded that when pertaining to preventing cancer and coronary disease, there is nothing proving that juices are not just as effective as their whole fruit counterparts. Disease fighting anti oxidants that are present in the juice of fruits and vegetables play as large a role as the fibre in fighting disease, the study concluded.

Dubbed Can pure fruit and vegetable juices protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease, too? the report suggested that further research is required to back its conclusions. Sue Taylor, with the Juice Products Association, a non profit organisation not associated with the research, said that juice consumption should be included in the diets of adults and children.And she also highlighted a recent epidemiological study from the Journal of Medicine which discovered that consuming 100 per cent fruit and vegetable juices could help prevent Alzheimer's disease.Consumption of fruit juice in the UK rose by 24 per cent last year, according to the latest Expenditure and Food Survey, published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

© Adfero Ltd

What this study leaves out is the benefits of the fibre in fruit in terms of bowel health, and slowing th rise of blood sugar levels that would occur with pure fruit juice...... Katherine

What Do You Think?

Is drinking Coffee okay for pregnant women?

2007-01-26T10:51:00.000Z

According to research drinking coffee while pregnant will have no adverse affects on the health of the baby, scientists have stated, but there has also been lots of research in the past showing that drinking coffee can adversely affect pregnancy and the baby.

What do yout think????? I'd love to hear your comments on the study below.

The study taken from netdoctor.co.uk

Coffee consumption has no effect on birthweight or length of gestation, researchers from Denmark have found.

Traditionally, pregnant women have been told to limit the amount of caffeine they put in their bodies.Dr Bodil Hammer Bech, of the University of Aarhus, Denmark, wrote: "Decreasing caffeine intake during the later stages of pregnancy has no overall effect on birthweight and length of pregnancy."

The study monitored the pregnancies of 1,207 women, all of whom drank more than one cup of coffee per day.

After being split into two groups, one group was given decaffeinated coffee and one normal coffee.Results showed no significant difference in birthweight or duration of preganancy.Other factors, such as whether the women smoked or not were also taken into account during the study.Caffeine is classed as a xanthine alkaloid, works by stimulating the nervous system, and is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance.© Adfero Ltd

Net Doctor.co.uk

2007-01-25T10:58:00.000Z

Taken from netdoctor.co.uk Jan 25th 07

'Shift in culture' needed for sexual health
Young women need to change their perception of carrying a condom, according to Simon Blake of the Brook sexual health charity. His comments came after a recent poll showed that many sexually active women between the ages of 16 and 30 are not...Read more »

'Not enough action' on childhood obesity
The government has not taken decisive action to combat the ever-increasing problem of childhood obesity in Britain, MPs have said. A new report from the parliamentary public accounts committee (PAC) has lambasted the Departments of Health,...Read more »

Men with breast cancer 'at risk of more cancer'
Men who have had breast cancer face a high risk of getting a second kind of cancer, according to researchers at the University of California Irvine (UCI). Over ten per cent of men who have suffered from breast cancer acquire a second kind of...Read more »

Mentally ill 'should be removed from prisons'
The burgeoning problem of overcrowding in Britain's prisons could be solved removing some of the mentally ill prisoners, according to the director of the Prisons Reform Trust. Juliet Lyon's comments came in the wake of home secretary John Reid's...Read more »

Obesity surgery 'should be last resort' for children
Gastric bands should be considered a last resort in the treatment of obese children, British experts have claimed. The obesity surgery has been regarded as a success in the US and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Nice)...Read more »

Net Doctor News Letter

2007-01-24T11:13:00.000Z

Alzheimer's vaccine 'could be administered through a patch'A vaccine for Alzheimer's disease could be administered through a patch on the skin, according to new research. When tested on mice the patch was able to clear plaques of cells of those suffering from age-related brain deterioration, researchers...Read more »

Pedometers 'next step for schoolchildren's health
The government is handing out free pedometers to schoolchildren in an effort to make the nation's young more healthy. Children from 250 schools in deprived areas around the country will be given the 45,000 pedometers as part of the Department of...Read more »

BMA: NHS should use Afghan poppies
The NHS should use Afghanistan's plentiful crop of opium poppies to produce diamorphine, the head of ethics at the British Medical Association (BMA) has said. Dr Vivienne Nathanson said that the Afghan opium harvest could be a solution to the...Read more »

Qatar keen to attract medical tourists
Qatar is positioning itself as a quality destination for patients seeking state of the art treatment abroad. The emirate has invested substantially in health services over recent years and is now widely considered to have healthcare of a...Read more »

A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down
Researchers at the University of Leeds have found a technique for "switching on" bacteria using sugar. The researchers adapted the bacteria to make it capable of treating inflammatory bowel disease. When the patients consumed sugar, it...Read more »

From www.netdoctor.co.uk

BBC Watchdog's Dirty Allergy Trick

2007-01-12T09:16:00.000Z

By Patrick Holford 100% Health www.patrickholford.co.uk

In case you watched Tuesday (9th Jan 2007) night's Watchdog on BBC1 you might have spotted a slight of hand. A healthy volunteer had three allergy tests - a vega test (twice), a hair test, and Yorktest's IgG Food Intolerance test, in which the volunteer sent two blood samples. The first two came up with a lot of foods, and the vega tests each had different results. Yorktest's test identified no reactions in the first test, and two foods on the lowest possible level of sensitivity. You can have a +4, +3, +2, +1 or 'rotate' reaction. Rotate means don't eat every day. If I have a patient who has 2 'rotate' foods only they are, in essence, not allergic. In other words the two tests were almost identical in result. Thumbs up for Yorktest you'd expect.

But no. Watchdog not only implied the results were 'very' different, but they also said that the test had shown five reactions! They did this not by reading the actual result - one of the allergens was 'citrus mix' - but by saying the test had shown they were allergic to oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit and so on. For a BBC Watchdog programme that's pretty underhand. But it got worse. The expert they used to pass judgement said that there had been only one study on IgG as a basis for allergy! That is plain deception. If you go into Medline, the on-line database of published research and put in IgG you'll find 139,473 referenced studies. If you narrow down to IgG + food intolerance it list 85 studies. I referenced 115 studies in my book Hidden Food Allergies (Piatkus).

The evidence for IgG antibody reactions as a basis for food intolerances continues to grow, including well designed randomised controlled trials, however, some health professionals just haven't kept up to date. Perhaps it's because a 'home test' takes the power away from the professional and puts it in your hands.

Patrick Holford

Candidiasis - common culprit for ill-health

2007-01-11T09:14:00.000Z

From Patrick Holford

Candidiasis - common culprit for ill-health
Check yourself out with the candida antibody profile

I often hear from people that they are suffering from a myriad of seemingly unrelated conditions that they and their doctor cannot get to the bottom of - everything from digestive discomfort to feeling foggy-headed or fatigued, as well as skin or sinus problems and recurrent fungal infections. When people present with such wide-spread symptoms I always consider whether candida could be the culprit. Candida albicans is one of the many yeasts present in the large bowel, genital tract, mouth, and throat and under normal conditions is compatible with good health. It is usually kept under control by good bacteria, our immune system and intestinal pH levels. What is less well recognised is that candida can, under certain circumstances, become pathogenic, causing havoc everywhere in the body.

Symptoms associated with candidiasis, or an overgrowth of candida antibodies, include:. Fatigue. Foggy head, lack of concentration, poor memory. Mood swings, depression, anxiety. Bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, excess wind, indigestion. Fungal infections . Aching joints, heavy muscles. Recurrent thrush, vaginitis and increased vaginal secretions. Bad breath, coated tongue, ulcers and sores in the mouth. Cravings for sweet and yeasty food, including bread and alcohol. Decreased libido. Bladder and kidney infections. Menstrual problems. Dry itchy skin. Chronic sinus problems. Sensitivity to perfumes, chemicals, fumes and other odours. Food sensitivities. Acne. Frequent colds, and infections. Chilliness, cold hands and feet
Problems arise when the balance of good bacteria to harmful ones changes within thedigestive tract. Given certain conditions, the candida proliferates and can change intoa pathogenic form. Once this has occurred, the candida can release toxins into the blood stream and travel through the body, affecting all systems, from digestion to the skin and hormones.

Common causes of overgrowth include:. Contraceptive pill. HRT. Steroids including asthma and eczema medication. High sugar diet. Antibiotic use. Immune deficiency. Hormones from food (animal products), water and a non organic diet. Diabetes. High stress levels. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs

In the past it has been notoriously difficult to diagnose candida, but nutritionists, and now you, have at their fingertips a simple and accurate laboratory test that can diagnose this condition. If anyone is considering undergoing candida treatment I cannot stress strongly enough the need to test beforehand, as the process of killing off candida overgrowth can be long and difficult, involving a restricted diet and a rigorous supplement regime. There is no point in doing this if candida is not the culprit for your symptoms - it could be that you need to undergo further tests such as checking for parasites, and I recommend you seek out help from your doctor and one of my nutritionists. Testing on the other hand offers peace of mind to patients that they are getting to the root of the problem before they undertake any dietary changes.

The Candida Antibody Profile test can be performed on either a saliva or blood sample. Test kits are sent through the post direct to you, for you to return with your sample to the laboratory in the envelope provided. The test looks for two types of antibody specific to candida (IgG and IgA antibodies). A positive result demonstrates an immune reaction to candida. This is a very sensitive and accurate means of measuring antibodies. Click here to order your test.

What next?A positive result for candida means that you can get started on a nutrition regime to rebalance your bacteria and body. Treatment for candida involves a diet avoiding sugars and yeasts in conjunction with anti-fungals to kill the candida itself. The most efficient way of addressing this infection and restoring health is the well-known '4-R' approach:

1. . Remove the yeast with an anti-candida diet (avoiding sugars and yeasts) and anti-fungals like caprylic acid, and or Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii). Although a yeast, S. boulardii does not colonise the gut wall but helps to increase your levels of secretory IgA (sIgA). Greater amounts of this immunoglobulin make it increasingly difficult for the candida to stick to your gut wall.

2. Repopulate with friendly gut bacteria with probiotic supplements such as Lactobacillus acidophilus

3. . Repair the gut wall, usually using the amino acid l-glutamine

4. . Replace missing digestive enzymes and nutrients, via a good quality multivitamin and mineral and a digestive enzyme supplement

Such a programme is best undertaken with the help of a nutritional therapist, as the liver and digestion need to be carefully supported. I recommend you see my website to find an ION-qualified practitioner in your area. To find out more about how to beat candida read the January issue of my 100% health newsletter

Wishing you the best of health,
For details on a variety of health products recommended by Patrick Holford go to www.healthproductsforlife.com

Net Doctor Newsletter - 10th Jan 07

2007-01-10T10:37:00.000Z

From www.NetDoctor.co.uk

Red Bull condemned by youth leaderA youth leader has accused the popular energy drink Red Bull of "devastating" young people's lives across the UK. Vanessa Scrubb's comments came in the wake of the death of a young Irish basketball player who dropped dead after drinking four cans...
Read more »
advert

Breast-feeding mothers 'must get enough calcium'It is crucial for mothers who are breast-feeding to get enough calcium in their diet, a new study has found. The mouth's supporting structures around the teeth and gums can be weakened by a low-calcium diet, especially in nursing mothers,...Read more »

Cartoons for autistic children yield 'exciting results'A new cartoon developed at Cambridge University's autism research centre has yielded positive results in helping autistic children understand the emotions reflected in facial expressions. The cartoon, narrated by the actor Stephen Fry, features...Read more »

Obese men 'more likely' to die from prostate cancerA new study has found that obese men are more likely to die from prostate cancer. Researchers from America's National Cancer Institute have found that although obesity does not appear to play a part in the development of the condition - and may...Read more »

New technique attacks tumoursScientists have created a way of targeting cancerous tumours and blocking their blood vessels. A team led by researchers at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research at UC Santa Barbara developed nanoparticles, minute particles invisible to the...Read more »

BHF sceptical about milky tea heart attack riskClaims that putting milk in one's tea may negate the drink's health benefits have been met with uncertainty from the British Heart Foundation (BHF). More research is required to quantitatively prove that adding milk ups the risk of a heart...Read more »

Taken from www.netdoctor.co.uk

VitaSearch Newsletter Jan 07

2007-01-09T15:18:00.000Z

From www.Vitasearch.com

Heart Failure, Systolic Function and Coenzyme Q10, C. Michael White, PharmD, USA
Infertility, Oocytes and DHEA Supplementation, David H. Barad, M.D., M.S., USA

Effects of Probiotics on Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Japanese Cedar Pollen
Keywords:
ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ALLERGY - Lactobacillus Casei Strain Shirota, Probiotics, Fermented Milk
Reference:
"Effects of Probiotics on Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Japanese Cedar Pollen: Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial," Tamura M, Shikina T, et al, Int Arch Allergy Immunol., 2006;143(1): 75-82. (Address: Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan).
Summary:
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving patients with allergic rhinitis triggered by Japanese cedar pollen, results indicate that supplementation with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) may improve nasal symptom-medication scores in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic symptoms. The participants were randomized to drink fermented milk containing LcS or placebo daily for a period of 8 weeks. During the intervention period, no significant difference in nasal and ocular symptom-medication scores was observed between the probiotic and placebo groups. However, among patients with moderate-to-severe nasal symptom scores at baseline, supplementation with LcS tended to reduce nasal symptom-medication scores. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "These results indicate that fermented milk containing LcS does not prevent allergic symptoms in patients sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen, but may delay the occurrence of allergic symptoms in pa tients with moderate-to-severe nasal symptom scores."

Topic:
Glutathione Levels in the Blood and Tissues of Patients with Breast Cancer
Keywords:
BREAST CANCER - Glutathione Status
Reference:
"A study of glutathione status in the blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer," Yeh CC, Hou MF, et all, Cell Biochem Funct, 2006; 24(6): 555-9. (Address: Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan).
Summary:
In this study, the status of glutathione in the blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer was assessed. Results found that patients with breast cancer had significantly reduced blood levels of reduced glutathione (redGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total glutathione, and the ratio of redGSH/total glutathione, with the most severely low levels found among patients with stage III cancer. On the other hand, levels of these various forms of glutathione were significantly higher in breast cancer tissue, as compared to the adjacent tissues free of cancer, especially in patients with stage II cancer. The authors hypothesize that "the high redGSH levels are associated with the enhancement of cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in the cancer cells, and the loss of the large amount of erythrocyte redGSH may be due to increased detoxification capacities and defense against oxidative stress." The authors conclude by proposing that redGSH may be an important bioch emical parameter in the detection of breast malignancy.

Topic:
Folic Acid Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Keywords:
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Folic Acid
Reference:
"Effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials," Bazzano LA, Reynolds K, et al, JAMA, 2006; 296(22): 2720-2726. (Address: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La 70112-2715, USA. E-mail: lbazzano@tulane.edu ).
Summary:
In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of folic acid supplementation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, results found no reduced risk associated with folic acid supplementation. Through searching MEDLINE, bibliographies of articles, and consulting experts in the field, 165 reports were identified, of which 12 were RCTs, which together involved data from 16,958 subjects with pre-existing vascular disease. Results of analysis using a random-effects model found no significant reduced risk associated with folic acid. Specifically, the overall relative risks for patients who received folic acid supplementation were 0.95 for cardiovascular diseases, 1.04 for coronary heart disease, 0.86 for stroke, and 0.96 for all-cause mortality. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that folic acid supplementation has not been shown to consistently and significantly prevent cardiovascular disease among persons with a history of vascular disease. The authors recommend that, "…It is important to focus on strategies of proven benefit in the secondary prevention of CVD, including smoking cessation, lipid reduction, treatment of hypertension and diabetes, maintenance of a healthy weight, and physical activity."

Topic:
Eating Peanuts May Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Keywords:
COLORECTAL CANCER - Peanuts, Diet
Reference:
"Peanut consumption and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in women: a prospective study in Taiwan," Yeh CC, You SL, et al, World J Gastroenterol, 2006; 12(2): 222-7. (Address: Department of Risk Management, China Medical University College of Public Health, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, China).
Summary:
In a prospective cohort study involving 12,026 men and 11,917 women in Taiwan, consumption of peanuts was found to be associated with a significantly reduced risk of colorectal cancer in women and consumption of pickled foodstuffs was found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in women. Over a 10 year follow-up period, 107 new cases of colorectal cancer (68 men and 39 women) were identified. The most significant associations were found for peanuts and pickled foodstuffs. Frequent consumption of peanuts was associated with a relative risk of 0.42 in women and 0.73 in men, while frequent consumption of pickled foodstuffs was associated with a relative risk of 2.15 in women. These results suggest that dietary intake of peanuts may have a protective effect against colorectal cancer in women.

Topic:
Leading an Active Lifestyle Substantially Lowers the Risk of Future Coronary Heart Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
Keywords:
CORONARY HEART DISEASE - Physical Activity, Active Lifestyle, C-Reactive Protein
Reference:
"Physical activity, C-reactive protein levels and the risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study," Matthijs Boekholdt S, Sandhu MS, et al, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil., 2006; 13(6): 970-976. (Address: Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam).
Summary:
In a nested case-control study involving apparently healthy men and women participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk study, habitual (work-related and leisure time) physical activity was associated with significantly reduced risk of future coronary artery disease. Furthermore, this association was in part mediated by lower levels of known cardiovascular risk factors and systemic inflammation as indicated by C-reactive protein concentrations. After adjusting for smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, men with an active lifestyle showed a 35% reduced risk of future coronary artery disease, and women with an active lifestyle showed a 52% reduced risk, compared to persons with an inactive lifestyle. After adjusting further for C-reactive protein, men with an active lifestyle showed a 32% reduced risk of future coronary arter y disease and women showed a 49% reduced risk, compared to persons with an inactive lifestyle. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "…People with an active lifestyle had a substantially lower risk of future coronary artery disease than people with an inactive lifestyle… this relationship was partly mediated through lower levels of established cardiovascular risk factors and in addition, C-reactive protein. This observation suggests that reduced systemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms through which physical activity leads to reduced cardiovascular risk."

Topic:
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Preserves Pancreatic Function and Reduces Inflammation in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Rats
Keywords:
DIABETES, OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE - Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Reference:
"Dietary conjugated linoleic acid preserves pancreatic function and reduces inflammatory markers in obese, insulin-resistant rats," Noto A, Zahradhka P, et al, Metabolism, 2007; 56(1): 142-51. (Address: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2).
Summary:
In a study involving forty 6-week old rats (20 obese, insulin-resistant fa/fa Zucker rats and 20 lean Zucker rats), supplementation with 1.5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for a period of 8 weeks was found to preserve pancreatic function and reduce inflammation in the fa/fa Zucker rats. Rats were divided into groups, in which one group of each type of rat received a CLA-supplemented diet while the other group received a control diet. Results found that despite a lack of difference in body weight, and even slightly higher visceral adipose mass, fa/fa rats fed the CLA diet experienced improvements in glucose tolerance and insulinemia, attenuations in serum haptoglobin levels, increases in adipose glucose transporter-4 mRNA, and decreases in adipose tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and protein markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism in adipose and liver tissues, compared with fa/fa rats fed the control diet. Insulin sensitivity and islet size did not change in the lea n Zucker rats fed CLA. These results demonstrate that supplementation with CLA may help to preserve pancreatic function, improve peripheral glucose use and reduce inflammation in obese, insulin-resistant rats.

Topic:
Increased Flavanone Intake May Decrease Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Keywords:
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER - Flavonoids, Flavanone, Fruit
Reference:
"Flavonoids and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer," Rossi M, Garavello W, et al, Int J Cancer. 2006 Dec 27; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy).
Summary:
In a case-control study involving 304 cases (275 men, 29 women) with a first diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 743 controls (593 men, 150 women) with no history of cancer admitted to hospitals for acute illnesses unrelated to tobacco and alcohol consumption, increased flavanone (a class of flavonoids) intake was associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for age, sex, study center, years of education, alcohol intake, smoking status, BMI, and energy intake, an inverse association was observed between flavanone intake and risk of esophageal cancer. Subjects in the highest quintile of flavanone intake showed a 72% reduced risk of esophageal cancer risk compared to subjects in the lowest quintile of intake. Thus, the authors conclude, "… this study suggests that flavanone intake is inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk and may account, with vitamin C, for the protective effect of fruit, especially citrus fruit, on esophageal cancer."

Topic:
Folic Acid Supplementation May Slow Age-Related Hearing Loss
Keywords:
HEARING LOSS, AGING - Folic Acid, Folate
Reference:
"Effects of folic acid supplementation on hearing in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial," Durga J, Verhoef P, et al, Ann Intern Med., 2007; 146(1): 1-9. (Address: Wageningen University and Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands. E-Mail: jane.durga@rdls.nestle.com ).
Summary:
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 712 older men and women with average plasma total homocysteine concentrations of at least 13 micromoles/L and vitamin B12 levels of at least 200 picomoles/L, with no middle ear dysfunction, unilateral hearing loss, or pathologic ear conditions unrelated to aging at baseline, results indicate that folic acid supplementation may slow age-related hearing loss. The participants were randomized to receive 800 microg/day folic acid or placebo for 3 years. At intervention end, hearing thresholds of the low frequencies (0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz) were found to have increased by 1 decibel in the folic acid-supplemented group and by 1.7 decibels in the placebo group. No significant difference in hearing thresholds of the high frequencies (4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz) were observed between the two groups. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Folic acid supplementation slowed the decline in hearing of the speech freq uencies associated with aging in a population from a country without folic acid fortification of food. The effect requires confirmation, especially in populations from countries with folic acid fortification programs."

Topic:
Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Lower Heart Rate in Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Keywords:
HEART RATE, HEART TRANSPLANT - Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, EPA, Docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA, QRS Duration
Reference:
"Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on heart rate in cardiac transplant recipients," Harris WS, Gonzales M, et al," Am J Cardiol., 2006; 98(10): 1393-5. (Address: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA).
Summary:
In a study consisting of 2 prospective trials involving 21 patients with denervated hearts after orthotopic heart transplantation, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduced heart rate and prolonged QRS duration. In the first prospective trial, 7 patients received 3.4 g/day omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] + docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and 4 patients received placebo, for a period of 4 months. In the second trial, 11 patients received 1 g/day omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (EPA + DHA) for a period of 6 months. The patients were studied 4.4 years after transplantation. Results showed that baseline heart rate (prior to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation) reduced by 5.4 beats/min after omega-3 fatty acid treatment. On the other hand, no change in heart rate was observed in the 4 patients who received placebo. Additionally, the QRS duration was significantly prolonged by EPA+DHA supplementation by about 10 milliseconds, whereas QTc duration remained unchanged. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "… omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced heart rate and prolonged QRS duration in heart transplant recipients who were presumably devoid of vagal innervation. These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may modify electrophysiologic properties of the myocardium itself.

Topic:
Drinking Coffee May Lower Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Keywords:
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA - Coffee, Tea, Decaffeinated Coffee
Reference:
"Coffee and tea consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy," Montella M, Polesel J, et al, Int J Cancer., 2007 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Servizio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy).
Summary:
In a hospital-based case-control study involving 185 incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 412 controls admitted to hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic diseases unrelated to diet, coffee consumption was found to exert a protective effect against development of HCC. Coffee and tea consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for potential confounders, including hepatitis virus seropositivity, alcohol intake, and smoking status, subjects who consumed at least 28 cups of coffee per week showed a 60% reduced risk of HCC compared to subjects who consumed less than 14 cups of coffee per week. On the other hand, no significant associations were observed between tea consumption or decaffeinated coffee consumption with risk of HCC. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "The present study supports the hypothesis of a favorable effect of coffee, though not decaffeinated coffee and tea, on the risk on hepatocellular carcinom a."

Topic:
L-Carnitine Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats
Keywords:
HYPERTENSION, OXIDATIVE STRESS - L-Carnitine, Antioxidant
Reference:
"l-Carnitine attenuates oxidative stress in hypertensive rats," Gomez-Amores L, Mate A, et al, J Nutr Biochem, 2006 Dec 1; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Physiology and Zoology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain).
Summary:
In a study involving rats, administration of L-carnitine was found to reduce oxidative stress and increase hepatic and cardiac antioxidant defenses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The study involved both SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Hypertensive rats were found to have lower levels of glutathione peroxidase activity, higher levels of lipid peroxidation, a lower ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione, reduced plasma nitrite and nitrate levels, reduced total antioxidant status (TAS), and increased aortic p22phox mRNA expression. After treatment with l-carnitine at a dose of 0.2 g/kg body weight per day, all of these levels normalized. The results of this study demonstrate that hypertensive rats benefit from supplementation with l-carnitine through the reduction in oxidative stress and the improvement in hepatic and cardiac antioxidant defense systems.

Topic:
Mixture of Micronutrients May Enhance Immunity in Healthy Persons, While Bovine Colostrum Concentrate Found to Have No Such Effect
Keywords:
IMMUNITY - Micronutrients, Vitamins, Minerals, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta-Carotene, Zinc, Bovine Colostrum Concentrate
Reference:
"Effect of a mixture of micronutrients, but not of bovine colostrum concentrate, on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled study," Wolvers DA, van Herpen-Broekmans WM, et al, Nutr J, 2006; 21(5): 28. (Address: Unilever Food & Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. E-mail: danielle.wolvers@unilever.com ).
Summary:
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study involving 138 healthy volunteers aged 40-80 years, supplementation with a mixture of micronutrients (vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc) was found to enhance cellular immunity, as indicated by improvements in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, while supplementation with bovine colostrum concentrate did not have such an effect in healthy subjects. Subjects received one of four treatments for a period of 10 weeks: Group1 received 1.2 g/d bovine colostrum concentrate (equivalent to 500 mg/d immunoglobulins); Group2 received a mixture of micronutrients containing 375 mg/d vitamin C, 288 mg/d vitamin E, 12 mg/d beta-carotene, and 15 mg/d zinc; Group 3 received both the colostrum and the micronutrient mixture; and Group4 received a placebo. Various parameters of immune function were measured, and results found that older subjects who received the micronutrient mixture had enhanced DTH responses, w hile other parameters of immune function did not appear to be affected. Supplementation with colostrum did not appear to affect any of the immune parameters. The results of this study suggest that supplementation with a mixture of micronutrients may enhance cellular immunity in healthy persons, particularly older persons, as suggested by the improvement in DTH responses. However, the authors conclude, "The present data suggests that improvement of immune parameters in a population with a generally good immune and nutritional status is limited and that improvement of immune function in this population may be difficult."

Topic:
Supplementation with Melatonin May Benefit Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Keywords:
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, IBS - Melatonin
Reference:
"A Preliminary Study of Melatonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome," Saha L, Malhotra S, et al, J Clin Gastroenterol., 2007; 41(1): 29-32. (Address: Departments of Pharmacology and Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical, Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India).
Summary:
In a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 18 patients (aged 18-65 years) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), supplementation with melatonin demonstrated beneficial effects. The patients were randomized to receive 3 mg/day melatonin (n=9) or placebo (n=9) at bedtime, for 8 weeks. Melatonin supplementation was found to significantly improve IBS scores, compared to placebo. Additionally, during a follow-up period of 48 weeks, overall extracolonic IBS score was significantly lower in the melatonin-supplemented group, compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, quality of life scores significantly improved in the melatonin-supplemented group, compared to the placebo group. Thus, the authors conclude, "The result of this study showed that melatonin has some beneficial role in IBS. Further studies using large number of patients may provide a definite answer."

Topic:
Consumption of Fructose May Lead to Elevated Triglyceride and Glucose Concentrations
Keywords:
METABOLIC DISORDERS, OBESITY, DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Fructose, Glucose, Insulin, Triglycerides, Diet, Ectopic Lipid Deposition
Reference:
"A 4-wk high-fructose diet alters lipid metabolism without affecting insulin sensitivity or ectopic lipids in healthy humans," Le KA, Faeh D, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2006; 84(6): 1374-9. (Address: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland).
Summary:
In a study involving 7 healthy male subjects, consumption of a high-fructose diet was found to significantly increase fasting plasma concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, lactate and leptin, without appearing to affect insulin sensitivity, intrahepatocellular lipids, intramyocellular lipids, or body weight. For 2 weeks, subjects consumed an isoenergetic diet, containing 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein, and less than 20 g/day fructose. This was followed by a 4 week period in which subjects were fed a high-fructose diet containing 1.5 g fructose per kg body weight per day. Various lipid and metabolic parameters were measured after 1 and 4 weeks of the high-fructose diet. After 1 week, significant increases were found in fasting plasma concentrations of VLDL-triglycerides (72%), total triglycerides (36%), and leptin (48%). After 2 weeks, increases in lactate were found (49%) and after 4 weeks, increases in glucose were found (5.5%). No significant changes i n fasting insulin, glucagon, cholesterol, or body weight were found. These results differ from results of previous studies in rodents which found a high-sucrose diet to lead to insulin resistance and increased IHCL. The results of this study suggest that high intake of fructose, which is quite prevalent in many countries around the world largely due to consumption of sweetened beverages, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by increasing levels of VLDL-triglycerides, total triglycerides, leptin, and glucose.

Topic:
Coenzyme Q10 May Benefit Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Keywords:
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, REFRACTORY ANEMIA - Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Ubiquinone
Reference:
"Clinical response of myelodysplastic syndromes patients to treatment with coenzyme Q10," Galili N, Sechman EV, et al, Leuk Res, 2007; 31(1): 19-26. (Address: The Radhey Khanna MDS Center for Research, Division of Hematology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 208, Worcester, MA 01605, USA).
Summary:
In a phase 1 clinical trial involving 29 patients (18 male, 11 female) with low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (a collection of hematopoietic disorders characterized by anemia, various cytopenias, and bone marrow dysplasia), supplementation with 1,200 mg/d coenzyme Q10 was found to bring about improvements in a subset of the patients. Subjects received supplementation with four coenzyme Q10 wafers per day (each containing 300 mg coenzyme Q10), for a total of 1,200 mg/d coenzyme Q10, for a period of at least 16 weeks, and up to 12 months. Results found that 7 of the 29 patients responded favorably to the treatment, with responses including trilineage and monolineage responses, cytogenetic responses, and changes in FAB (French-American-British) classification of refractory anemia. Two of the patients achieved transfusion independence and had major improvements in all three lineages. One patient experienced dramatic improvements in hemoglobin levels (<8>250,000 microliters), and a complete normalization of neutrophil levels. Another patient experienced a dramatic increase in platelets from 85,000 to 130,000 microliters. Two patients experienced cytogenetic responses. According to the authors of the study, "These results are very encouraging since CoQ10 is a naturally occurring, innocuous compound that caused no side effects in this trial at a dose of 1,200 mg/day." They conclude, "Based on our results, we believe that CoQ10 treatment is a promising alternative to toxic therapies for patients with low- to intermediate-risk MDS or in the initial stages of the disease." Additional trials involving larger numbers of subjects are warranted.

Topic:
Supplementation with Ginkgo Biloba May Protect Against Ovarian Cancer
Keywords:
OVARIAN CANCER - Ginkgo Biloba
Reference:
"Ginkgo biloba and ovarian cancer prevention: Epidemiological and biological evidence," Ye B, Aponte M, et al, Cancer Lett., 2006 Dec 26; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology and Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Center, USA).
Summary:
In a study examining epidemiological and biological data, results indicate that supplementation with Ginkgo biloba may exert protective effects against ovarian cancer. In the epidemiological part of the study involving 721 controls and 668 ovarian cancer incident cases, 4.2% of the controls compared to 1.6% of the cases regularly used Ginkgo biloba. Additionally, regular use of Ginkgo biloba was associated with a 59% reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, for non-mucinous types of ovarian cancer, regular Ginkgo biloba use was associated with a 67% reduced risk of ovarian cancer. In the in vitro part of the study, Ginkgo extract and its components, quercetin and ginkgolide A and B, demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effects (approx. 40%) in serous ovarian cancer cells, but had little effect in mucinous cells. Thus the authors of this study conclude, "This combined epidemiological and biological data provide supportive evidence for further studies of the che mopreventive or therapeutic effects of Ginkgo and ginkgolides on ovarian cancer."

Topic:
Omega-6 Fatty Acids May Stimulate and Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Inhibit Prostate Cancer Growth
Keywords:
PROSTATE CANCER - Dietary Fat, Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Linoleic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Prostate Specific Antigen
Reference:
"Dietary fatty acids correlate with prostate cancer biopsy grade and volume in Jamaican men," Ritch CR, Wan RL, et al, J Urol, 2007; 177(1): 97-101. (Address: Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA).
Summary:
In a study involving 148 men from Jamaica - a country with the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world - dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be positively associated with Gleason score and tumor volume, suggesting that omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid) may stimulate the growth of prostate cancer. Subjects with a PSA (prostate specific antigen) of 2.6 ng/ml or greater underwent biopsy (n=54) and of those who underwent biopsy, 24 were found to have prostate cancer. Of those with prostate cancer, 17 had a Gleason score of at least 7 suggesting a moderately aggressive tumor (Gleason score provides an assessment of the severity of prostate cancer based on microscopic observation of the cancer cells; scores range from 2-10, with higher numbers indicating greater aggressiveness of the cancer). Of those with prostate cancer, 11 had a tumor volume of at least 50%. Linoleic acid - found in high amounts in the standard Jamaican diet - was positively associated with Gleason score, linoleic acid-to-DHA ratio, and tumor volume, while the ratio of arachidonic acid (omega-6) to docosapentaenoic acid (omega-3) was negatively associated with Gleason score. These results suggest that omega-6 fatty acids may stimulate the growth of prostate cancer, while omega-3 fatty acids may have an inhibitory effect.

Topic:
Role of Folate and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disease
Keywords:
PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE, SCHIZOPHRENIA, AUTISM, DEPRESSION, BIPOLAR DISORDER, MENTAL ILLNESS - Folate, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Diet
Reference:
"Folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in psychiatric disease," Muskiet FAJ, Kemperman RFJ, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006; 17(11): 717-27. (Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands).
Summary:
In this article, the roles of folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in psychiatric disease are discussed. The authors discuss the importance of looking at nutritional factors potentially involved in various psychiatric conditions, and point out that diseases such as schizophrenia and autism derive from a combination of heritable and environmental factors and do not inherit by Mendel's law. Evidence to support the role of nutritional factors, and folate status in particular in the development of schizophrenia include the significantly increased incidence (2 times higher) of schizophrenia among Dutch offspring who were conceived during the 1944-45 Dutch hunger winter, which coincided with a significantly increased incidence (2.5 times higher) of neural tube defects. A similar increased incidence of schizophrenia was found among offspring conceived during the massive famine in China in 1959-61. Children of immigrants, who have been found to be less likely to supp lement with folic acid, have higher rates of schizophrenia and neural tube defects. Furthermore, both schizophrenia and neural tube defects have the highest conception rates during the months of May-June, suggestion a relationship between the two. Finally, MTHFR TT homozygotes have been found to have a higher rate of schizophrenia (odds ratio: 1.36) and require a higher folate status. In terms of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, an association has been found between low intake of fish oil (EPA and DHA) and depression. National dietary fish intakes have been found to be inversely associated with major depression and postpartum depression. The authors cite 5 out of 6 randomized controlled trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA in particular) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, and 4 out of 6 demonstrating the effectiveness of EPA in the treatment of patients with depression or bipolar disorders. In a! meta-analysis involving studies carried out in various countries, low intake of fish and seafood was predictive of depression and high intake of refined sugar and dairy products was linked to a worse 2-year outcome of schizophrenia. The authors of this review state that "Current research on the etiology of psychiatric disease seems to fall short of the input of nutrition and may be overdosed with genetics and the traditional search for abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism per se." This review suggests that folate and other one-carbon metabolite micronutrients, as well as dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, may be involved in the etiology of various psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism, depression and bipolar disorder, among others.

Topic:
Low Serum Levels of Selenium and Zinc Observed in Patients with Chronic Recurrent Uveitis
Keywords:
UVEITIS, EYE, INFLAMMATION, UVEA - Selenium, Zinc
Reference:
"Selenium and zinc in patients with acute and chronic uveitis," Dawczynski J, Winnefeld K, Strobel J, Biol Trace Elem Res., 2006 Nov;113(2):131-7. (Address: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany).
Summary:
In a study involving 13 patients with acute uveitis and 11 patients with chronic recurrent uveitis, results suggest that patients with chronic recurrent uveitis may benefit from selenium and zinc supplementation. In patients with acute or first-time uveitis, selenium and zinc serum levels were found to be within the normal range. However, patients with chronic recurrent uveitis showed decreased serum levels of selenium and zinc, where selenium levels were significantly below the normal range. Additionally, trace element levels tended to decrease with increasing age. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Further studies should investigate possible positive effects of therapeutic selenium and zinc supplementation in patients with chronic, recurrent uveitis."

Topic:
Long Term Dairy Intake and Weight Change in Women
Keywords:
WEIGHT - Dairy, Whole Milk, Sour Milk, Cheese, Diet
Reference:
"Association between dairy food consumption and weight change over 9 y in 19,352 perimenopausal women," Rosell M, Hakansson NN, Wolk A, Am J Clin Nutr., 2006; 84(6): 1481-8. (Address: The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. E-Mail: magdalena.rosell@ki.se ).
Summary:
In a study involving 19,352 Swedish women aged 40-55 years, an inverse association was observed between weight gain and regular daily intake (at least 1 serving) of cheese. Furthermore, among normal-weight women, daily intake of at least 1 serving of whole milk and sour milk was inversely associated weight gain. Data on dietary intake, body weight, height, age, education, and parity were collected at baseline and at follow-up 9 years later. Based on intake frequencies, the women were classified into 1 of 4 groups: 1) a constant intake of less than 1 serving/day; 2) an increased intake from less than 1 serving/day to at least 1 serving/day; 3) a constant intake of at least 1 serving/day; 4) a decreased intake from at least 1 serving/day to less than 1 serving/day. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, constant intake of at least 1 serving/day of whole milk and sour milk was associated with 15% less weight gain, compared to constant intake of less than 1 serving /day of whole milk and sour milk. Similarly, constant intake of at least 1 serving/day of cheese was associated with 30% less weight gain, compared to constant intake of less than 1 serving/day of cheese. No significant associations were observed for the other 3 intake groups. On stratifying the data by BMI, the findings remained significant for cheese. However, for whole milk and sour milk, the association remained significant for normal-weight women alone. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "The association between the intake of dairy products and weight change differed according to type of dairy product and body mass status. The mechanism behind these findings warrants further investigation."

From www.vitasearch.com

Food and Mood Community News - Jan 2007

2007-01-05T15:23:00.000Z

Extracted from FOOD AND MOOD COMMUNITY NEWS: JANUARY 2007 people exploring the connection between what we eat and how we feel

MEDIA NEWS

Food for the Brain’s school food campaign
On Friday 5th January switch on to ITV's Tonight with Trevor Macdonald from 8.00-8.30pm and again on Weds January 10th on GMTV on the Lorraine Kelly Show (from 8.30am onwards) for coverage of Food for the Brain’s school food campaign. Patrick Holford, CEO of Food for the Brain Foundation will be available after the programme from 9.30am on the Wednesday for a Live Web Chat.

Junk Food and Violence
Japanese children "consume incredible amounts of soft drinks and junk food," says Hiroshi Osawa, a retired psychology professor at Iwate University. According to Iwate, the consequences go beyond poor nutrition and expanding waistlines. This junk food diet may be contributing to Japan's alarming juvenile crime wave. According to Osawa, "There is a connection between diet and violence."Researches at Tsukuba University recently examined the potential link between junk food and juvenile crime. Their survey of 270 adolescent delinquents froud them 25% more likely than other children to eat junk food and three times as likely to skip breakfast. A survey of 12,000 students by teachers in Hiroshima found that 10% of them reported eating breakfast and dinner alone, suggesting an unsupervised diet.Some nutritionists say there is a sound basis for the junk food/violence theory. A diet high in sugar but low in vitamins and minerals, they explain, can result in a dangerous chemical imbalance. First, consumption of sweets and other simple carbohydrates causes the child's blood sugar to spike. This signals the body to release sugar-neutralizing insulin to regain equilibrium. But often the body overreacts, causing blood sugar levels to plummet too low, making the child tired and irritable. Then the body reacts again, producing adrenaline and triggering hyperactivity or even violence. The pattern is so common that the Japanese have coined a new term, kireru, or "snapping" to describe it.

Clearly a factor in the growth of junk food diets in Japan is the growing prominence of fast food restaurants like McDonald's. But McDonald's has vigorously defended the nutritional value of its food and a Tokyo spokesman for the global hamburger chain responded to the theory by calling the franchise "a fun place for families to eat.""Volatile blood sugar levels make sugar-sensitive people edgy and reactive. You may fly off the handle or cry at the drop of a hat. Sugar-sensitive people can have episodes of anger which seem to overtake them without reaction." Kathleen DesMaisons, Ph. D. from Potatoes Not ProzacArticle from ToDo Institute, sent in by Hasandra Heyward email: hrheyward@yahoo.com

Woman killed by caffeine overdose
The Sussex Express (1 December 2006) contained a shocking reminder of the potency of caffeine. The newspaper reported that a 47 year old woman had committed suicide from an overdose of approx 300 ProPlus tablets, which are available over-the-counter. Each tablet contains 50mg, or the equivalent of a strong cup of coffee. The coroner’s report said they should not be taken by people with a history of anxiety and they can interfere with certain types of medication. More information on ProPlus at http://www.mypharmacy.co.uk/alternative_medicines/medicines/p/pro_plus/pro_plus.htmFrom

Equazen’s EFA Research winter newsletter: http://www.equazen.com/default.aspx?pid=402#durham:

Nutrition in Brain Development and Aging: Role of Essential Fatty Acids.
The article concludes that the latest challenge is to integrate existing scientific knowledge and further develop applied research on successful ways to preserve optimal cognitive function throughout the life span. Optimal brain development requires the provision of core nutrients such as zinc, copper, iron, iodine, folate and retinol. All of these nutrients are considered vital to support neurogenesis during pregnancy and fetal development. The authors are currently carrying out an evaluation on the preventative effects of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to cognitive decline. They are also exploring the role of nutrition and physical activity in preserving muscle status and functional status in older people (the OPAL study). Nutrition Reviews, 64, 5. Uauy, R. & Dangour, A.D. (2006).

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment in 174 Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: OmegAD Study. The results showed that at six months the decline did not differ between groups. However, in a subgroup with very mild cognitive dysfunction a significant reduction in the MMSE decline rate was observed in the fatty acid supplementation group. A similar result was observed in the placebo group when they crossed over to active fatty acid supplementation. The authors concluded that fatty acid supplementation in patients with mild to moderate AD did not delay the rate of decline but for patients with very mild cognitive decline positive effects were observed. Archives Neurology, 63. Freund-Levi, Y., Eriksdotter-Jonhagen, M.D., Cederholm, T., Basun, H., Faxen-Irving, G., Garlind, A., Vedin, I., Vessby, B., Wahlund, L.O. & Palmblad, J. (2006).

The role of dietary fatty acids in children’s behaviour and learning.
The article discusses a number of open studies that have been carried out in County Durham and neighbouring education authorities in the North of England on children with various developmental disorders. Evidence suggests that these children may have a deficiency in essential fatty acids, specifically omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and supplementation with fish oil nutrients seem to positively impact their concentration, performance and behaviour as shown in standardised assessments. Nutrition and Health, 18, 233-247. Portwood, M. (2006).

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mood disorders.
The authors concluded that research showing deficits in omega-3 fatty acids may be a contributing factor to mood disorders and thus potentially offer a therapeutic method of treatment. They also encourage future research on the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation to unipolar and bi-polar depressive disorders to pursue which is likely to be more effective: EPA or DHA. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 6. Parker, G., Gibson, N.A., Brotchie, G., Rees, A.M. & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2006).

The following items are forwarded from the Mental Health Foundation latest news and archive:

Doubts cast on organophosphate poisoning as cause of Gulf War Syndrome depression
New research casts doubt on the belief that organophosphate poisoning causes symptoms of depression among Gulf War veterans and farmers, who are exposed regularly to these chemicals 21/12/2006 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/?EntryId=48548

Conference to help students with eating disorders
A national charity has today revealed it staging a major conference in East Anglia which aims to help universities support students with eating disorders. 14/12/2006 More information at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news?EntryId=48229

One in five think partner drinks too much
One in five people believe their partner drinks too much alcohol, according to a survey published today 08/12/2006 More information at http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/?EntryId=48116

Taste tests 'could aid treatment of depression'
Taste tests could provide a fast and effective method of treating depression, according to a University of Bristol study. 06/12/2006 More information at http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/?EntryId=48000

Schools junk food ban proposals under spotlight
Education minister Hugh Henry will be questioned today on Executive plans to ban junk food from schools. 06/12/2006 More information at http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/news/?EntryId=48002

The following items are from Alternative Mental Health/Safe Harbor newsletter based in the US. More info at AlternativeMentalHealth.com:

HERB CURCUMIN MAY HELP DEPRESSION
Curcumin, a yellow pigment of the spice turmeric, commonly found in curry, has proven to be a cornucopia of health benefits. It has already been found to be a potential cancer preventative and rejuvenator of the liver, bones, and cartilage. In 2004, UCLA researchers found it effective in preventing brain deterioration that contributes to Alzheimer's Disease, thus possibly explaining why inhabitants of India over age 65, where curcumin is consumed regularly, have less than a 1% rate of Alzheimer's Disease. A study done at Peking University in 2005 offers strong evidence that curcumin may be helpful against depression. The herb is an active component in Xiaoyao-san, the traditional Chinese medicinal formula which has been used to effectively manage stress and depression-related disorders in China. The study used the force swim test in rats, a common method of testing antidepressants that forces rats to swim in a tank to create stress and depression symptoms. The study also used another test in rats which causes depressive symptoms, the removal of the olfactory bulbs, brain regions that contribute to the sense of smell. In both instances, curcumin significantly reduced the symptoms of depression. In the case of the surgically-altered rats, low levels of brain chemicals such as serotonin "were completely reversed by curcumin administration." The research is reported in the September 2005 issue of Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

SCIENTISTS WORRY ABOUT TOXINS' EFFECTS ON BRAIN HEALTH
Researchers reporting in the November 8 issue of The Lancet claim that toxic chemicals may be causing a broad array of brain disorders in children—more than is realized by the medical field—due to inadequate regulation and lack of knowledge of their full neurological effects. The combined Danish and American research team identified more than 200 industrial chemicals, including metals, solvents and pesticides, which have potential to damage the brain. Referring to them as the "tip of a very large iceberg," the team noted that some of them are already known to cause neurobehavioral effects, even at low levels. The scientists point out that exposure to chemicals such as lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], arsenic, and toluene during early fetal development can cause brain injury at doses much lower than those affecting adult brain function. It stands to reason that the same may be true of others on the list that have not been as fully investigated. Additionally, while prevention programs, such as with lead, are highly successful today, it was many years after the toxicity of these substances was known for such social controls to be established. If that delay is multiplied by the number of potential neurotoxins in our modern world, the impact on developing brains could be considerable.

For more at http://www.foodandmood.org

If you would like to see other things included on my blog contact me at Nutrition Naturally.